Analogous electrical and mechanical systems contents. Senses desired input to exclusion of all others and provides analogous output. A given system being represented by an electrical analogy may conceivably have no. Analogs can be obtained by comparing the equations of motion of a mechanical system, with either electrical mesh or nodal equations. Moreover, nodes in mechanical system are analogous to nodes in electrical network the electromechanical analogy can be classified into two categories. The voltage generated by a battery or by magnetic force.
May also selectively filter unwanted components and convert signal into pulsed form. Electrical and mechanical engineering are two different streams in the field of engineering that is a broad term encompassing many other disciplines such as computer, telecommunication, civil, mining, information technology, and so. It is analogous to the viscous friction element of mechanical system. Mathematical modelling of control system mechanical. Once the similarity between mechanical and electrical systems was realized, many. In this article we use the thermalelectrical analogy to. Difference between mechanical and electrical engineering. Find the analogous electrical system using the forcevoltage analogy. Refers to the potential, or energy per unit of charge.
When two systems are said to be analogous if they satisfy the following two conditions. A strategic goal of the prevention through design ptd plan for the national initiative is. Sign conventions as in mechanical systems we must define the sense of each variable we use, and mark that on the diagram in electrical systems, a circuit diagram or schematic. Usually increases amplitude andor power, depending on requirement. An isolated mass model for intuitive electromechanical. James clerk maxwell introduced analogies of this sort in the 19th century. When electrons enter at one end of a resistor, some of the electrons collide with atoms within the resistor. Those are force voltage analogy and force current analogy. Mechanical and electrical systems for construction. Electrical analogies of mechanical systems tutorialspoint. Mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems in construction management.
Modeling of electrical, mechanical and electro mechanical systems, differential equations of physical system. Pdf modeling and identification of thermal systems is a problem frequently. The advantage of doing this is that there is a large body of theory and analysis techniques concerning complex electrical systems, especially in the field of filters. Show full abstract and related to analogous mechanical elements. With the setvalued branch relations, the dynamics of electrical circuits are described as measure differential inclusions. Some books present one of these as the correct analogy. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. Analysis of first and second order linear systems by classical method.
The displacements x1 and x2 are measured from their static equilibrium points. Mechanicalelectrical osha electrical standards 29 cfr 1910. Introduction to mechanical and electrical systems, sustainable design, and evaluating options 3 1. Mechanical and analogous system control system, gate. Harvard university division of engineering and applied. They extensively address engineers teamwork with architects, owners, and facility managers to provide highquality, productive environments which reflect both environmental and cost concerns. At first, such analogies were used in reverse to help explain electrical phenomena in familiar mechanical terms. Electrical engineering ac fundamentals and ac power, rauf be transformed into the desired unit system through the use of unit conversion factors in appendix b. Construction managers must understand all aspects of a wide range of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems.
Mechanicalelectrical analogies are the representation of mechanical systems as electrical. In both cases, the energy in the system is converted back and forth between different forms potential vs. The impedance analogy is a method of representing a mechanical system by an analogous electrical system. Documents similar to lecture 5mathematical modeling of mechanical systems. Here we emphasize the design of mechanical and structural. Control systems full semester course classroom notes ebook.
Lecture 5mathematical modeling of mechanical systems. Throughout, the authors place mechanical and electrical systems design in the overall context of the built environment. Analogous electrical and mechanical systems swarthmore college. Live parts to which an employee may be exposed shall be deenergized before the employee works on or near them, unless the employer can demonstrate that deenergizing introduces additional or increased hazards or is infeasible due to equipment design or. Similarly, there is a torque current analogy for rotational mechanical systems. Explain the steps you use to find your electrical system. However, as electrical network analysis matured it was found that certain mechanical. Intro to electricity nyu tandon school of engineering. On electrical analogues of mechanical systems and their using in. The input vint is a step functionzero until the engine couples, and then at a constant velocity v0 thereafter. Some of the greek symbols, used in the realm of electrical engineering, are listed in appendix c, for reference. Generalized measuring system signal conditioner modifies transduced signal into form usable by final stage. Servosystems, hydraulic systems liquid level and fluid power systems, thermal systems, integrating devices, hydraulic.
Representation of electrical and mechanical rectilineal mobility elements. This seventh edition of fitzgerald and kingsleys electric machinery by stephen umans was developed recognizing the strength of this classic text since its first edition has been the emphasis on building an understanding of the fundamental physical principles underlying the performance of electric machines. Electrical analogies of mechanical systems in control. Using analogy to enhance understanding of electrical circuits. A precision machineis an integrated system that relies on the attributes of one component to augment the weaknesses of another component. Engs 22 systems system analogies page 2 m b vint frictionless fig. This book leads the reader through topics starting with the basics of electrical system design through more advanced subjects such as voltage drop, short circuit, coordination, and harmonics. Analogous nonsmooth models of mechanical and electrical. Mechanicalelectrical analogies are the representation of mechanical systems as electrical networks. Electrical quantity, mechanical analog i forcecurrent, mechanical analog ii force voltage. This calls for an inverse transformer to couple the electrical circuit and the analogue circuit of such a nature that the cur. Electrical systems and mechanical systems are two physically different systems.
Craig 2 electrical mechanical analogies a signal, element, or system which exhibits mathematical behavior identicalto that of another, but physically different, signal, element, or system is called an analogous quantity or analog. The velocity of the car doesnt change instantaneously, so it starts at zero, and follows a saturating exponential up to v0, with a time constant mb. Craig 3 introduction precision machines are essential elements of an industrial society. Rogelio palomeraarias educational and professional background.
Ptd mechanical electrical systems instructor s manual iii. These atoms start vibrating and transfer their energy to neighboring air molecules. In electrical circuits, the capacitor is the storage element, and therefore the voltage drop across the capacitor is proportional to the integral of the current. In this analogy, the mathematical equations of the rotational mechanical system are compared with the nodal mesh equations of the electrical system by comparing equation 4 and equation 6, we will get the analogous quantities of. Networks and systems pdf this book allows students to learn fundamental concepts in linear circuit analysis using a welldeveloped methodology that has been carefully refined through classroom use. Also the velocity of the mechanical system generates a current in the electrical circuit. Using the forcevoltage analogy learned in the class, obtain a mechanical system analogous to the electrical system shown below you may use mechanical elements, such as mass m, damper b, spring k, for the answer.
Rogelio palomeraarias, university of texas at san antonio dr. Mechanical and electrical systems for construction managers provides an overview of these systems aimed at general contractors, construction managers, supervisors, and those desiring to enter the construction industry. Probably the first analogy that comes to mind between electrical and mechanical systems. Where can i find a pdf of a book on electrical machines. View homework help analogous electrical and mechanical systems from engr 305 at san francisco state university. This document is highly rated by electrical engineering ee.
Indicate the values of all components in the electrical system resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc. The force f in a mechanical system is analogous to the current i in an electrical system as shown in figure 2. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. It is analogous to the flow of water gallonssec in a water pipe. Two systems are said to be analogous to each other if the following two conditions are satisfied. Modeling of systemsdefinition fo control systems, open loop and closed loop systems.
Apparent power is the product of the rms voltage and the rms current. All engineering books pdf download online, notes, materials, exam papers, mcqs for all engineering branch such as mechanical, electronics, electrical, civil, automobile, chemical, computers, mechatronic, telecommunication any all more popular books available here. Pdf thermal modeling, analysis and control using an electrical. Compare differential equations for the mechanical translational system, mechanical rotational system and seriesparallel electrical system and prepare table for analogous quantities in force torque and voltagecurrent analogy. Apr 23, 2020 mechanical and analogous system control system, gate electrical engineering ee notes edurev is made by best teachers of electrical engineering ee. Mechanical or mechatronic equavalent to reactive power and.
What are electrical analogies of mechanical systems. Image courtesy of thinkstock mechanicalelectrical systems. Differential equation modeling of these two systems are same. Obtain an electrical system analogous to the mecha. Concept of automatic controls, open and closed loop systems, concepts of feedback, requirement of an ideal control system. Ampere a a unit of measure for the intensity of an electric current flowing in a circuit. There are two types of electrical analogies of translational mechanical systems. The action of a mechanical force corresponds to the action of a electrical voltage generator. Sustainable design must consider how well buildings work to minimize neg. Resistance r spring constant k elastance 1c external force ft electromotive force. The mechanical system may be a linear mechanical system or it may be a rotational mechanical type of system. An analogous electrical and mechanical system will have differential equations of the same form.
Obtain an electrical system analogous to the mechanical system shown below where ft is the force input to the mass 1. There are two analogs that are used to go between electrical and mechanical systems. By converting to an electrical representation, these tools in the electrical domain can be directly applied to a. Topics covered in the notes for control systems engineering pdf bakshi 1 introduction to control system 2 mathematical model of linear systems 3 transfer functions 4 block diagram 5 signal flow graphs 6 system stability 7 root locus plots 8 bode plots. We will derive analogies between mechanical and electrical system only which are most important in understanding the theory of control system.
This is obviously ohms law, and is analogous to dampers in mechanical systems. This ideally requires topological consistency between components that are to. If you are aware of resolution of forces in mechanics,a force f acting at an angle theta on a body can be resolved in to its horizontal and vertical components. While, electrical systems and mechanical systems are two different systems. By considering each mass in a linear mechanical system as having two terminals, one fixed in the mass and one fixed to the frame of reference, every linear mechanical system is reduced to a multiplicity of closed mechanical circuits to which force and velocity relations similar to kirchhoffs laws, may be applied. Block diagrams and signal flow graphstransfer function block diagram representation and reduction, signal flow graph representation and reduction using. Deriving an analogous system involves replacing each component in the original system with its equivalent in the alternate domain. The resulting speed, identical for the three mechanical elements, corresponds to the electrical current flowing through the three electrical elements. In force voltage analogy, the mathematical equations of translational mechanical system are compared with mesh equations of the electrical system. The energy dissipater is analogous to electrical resistance. Electrical modeling page 2 voltage can also be defined in terms of potential energy of a unit charge.
In this way, a resistor dissipates electrical energy into heat energy. Common electrical circuits used in homes are typically rated at 15 or 20 amps. Find the analogous mechanical system using the forcecurrent. Find the analogous electrical system using the forcecurrent analogy. A simple mechanical system we will now illustrate the electromechanical analogies by establishing the mechanical schematic of a simple system, the massspring system, then creating the two equivalent electrical circuits using the two analogies. One ampere is equal to a current flow of one coulomb per second.
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